使用机器学习算法来预测复杂系统的行为正在蓬勃发展。但是，在包括燃烧在内的多物理问题中有效利用机器学习工具的关键是将它们与物理和计算机模型搭配使用。如果所有先验知识和物理约束都体现了这些工具的性能。换句话说，必须对科学方法进行调整，以使机器学习进入图片，并充分利用我们生成的大量数据，这要归功于数值计算的进步。本章回顾了一些开放的机会，用于应用燃烧系统的数据驱动的减少订单建模。提供了湍流燃烧数据，经验低维歧管（ELDM）识别，分类，回归和降低阶数模型中特征提取的示例。

Automatic medical image classification is a very important field where the use of AI has the potential to have a real social impact. However, there are still many challenges that act as obstacles to making practically effective solutions. One of those is the fact that most of the medical imaging datasets have a class imbalance problem. This leads to the fact that existing AI techniques, particularly neural network-based deep-learning methodologies, often perform poorly in such scenarios. Thus this makes this area an interesting and active research focus for researchers. In this study, we propose a novel loss function to train neural network models to mitigate this critical issue in this important field. Through rigorous experiments on three independently collected datasets of three different medical imaging domains, we empirically show that our proposed loss function consistently performs well with an improvement between 2%-10% macro f1 when compared to the baseline models. We hope that our work will precipitate new research toward a more generalized approach to medical image classification.

本文展示了一种新的方法，可以使用语义分段特征提高面部识别姿势不变。拟议的SEG-DISTILD-ID网络共同学习识别和语义分割任务，然后将分割任务“蒸馏”（Mobilenet编码器）。在强调头置变化的公开数据集中，针对三个最先进的编码器进行了基准测试。实验评估表明，SEG-DISTILD-ID网络显示出显着的鲁棒性优势，相比之下，RESNET-101的测试准确性达到99.9％，VGG-19的96.1％，IntectionV3的vgg-19和96.3％。这是使用顶部编码器推理参数的大约十分之一来实现的。这些结果表明，蒸馏的语义分割特征可以有效地解决面部识别姿势不变。

该项目旨在开发和展示一个具有智力的地面机器人，该机器人能够为不同的低高度蔬菜农作物（称为农业应用程序机器人（AAR））进行半自治的农业运营。AAR是一种轻巧的太阳电动机器人，使用智能感知来进行植物及其特征进行检测和分类。该系统还具有用于自动杂草切割过程的机器人臂。机器人可以向诸如农作物，杂草和其他害虫等靶标的肥料喷涂，杀虫剂，除草剂和其他液体。此外，它为未来对高级任务（例如收益率，农作物和土壤健康监测）的研究提供了信息。我们介绍了机器人的设计和相关的实验，这些实验显示了现实世界环境中有希望的结果。

土壤侵蚀是对世界各地环境和长期土地管理的重大威胁。人类活动加速的土壤侵蚀会造成陆地和水生生态系统的极端变化，这在现场阶段（30-m）的当前和可能的未来没有得到充分的调查/预测。在这里，我们使用三种替代方案（2.6、4.5和8.5）估计/预测通过水侵蚀（薄板和RILL侵蚀）的土壤侵蚀速率，共享社会经济途径和代表性浓度途径（SSP-RCP）情景。田间尺度的土壤侵蚀模型（FSSLM）估计依赖于由卫星和基于图像的土地使用和土地覆盖的估计（LULC）集成的高分辨率（30-m）G2侵蚀模型，对长期降水量的规范观察，以及耦合模型比较项目阶段6（CMIP6）的方案。基线模型（2020年）估计土壤侵蚀速率为2.32 mg HA 1年1年，具有当前的农业保护实践（CPS）。当前CPS的未来情况表明，在气候和LULC变化的SSP-RCP方案的不同组合下，增加了8％至21％。 2050年的土壤侵蚀预测表明，所有气候和LULC场景都表明极端事件的增加或极端空间位置的变化很大程度上从南部到美国东部和东北地区。

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to a class of attacks called "backdoor attacks", which create an association between a backdoor trigger and a target label the attacker is interested in exploiting. A backdoored DNN performs well on clean test images, yet persistently predicts an attacker-defined label for any sample in the presence of the backdoor trigger. Although backdoor attacks have been extensively studied in the image domain, there are very few works that explore such attacks in the video domain, and they tend to conclude that image backdoor attacks are less effective in the video domain. In this work, we revisit the traditional backdoor threat model and incorporate additional video-related aspects to that model. We show that poisoned-label image backdoor attacks could be extended temporally in two ways, statically and dynamically, leading to highly effective attacks in the video domain. In addition, we explore natural video backdoors to highlight the seriousness of this vulnerability in the video domain. And, for the first time, we study multi-modal (audiovisual) backdoor attacks against video action recognition models, where we show that attacking a single modality is enough for achieving a high attack success rate.

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms are considered as a promising technique for next-generation communication networks due to their flexibility, mobility, low cost, and the ability to collaboratively and autonomously provide services. Distributed learning (DL) enables UAV swarms to intelligently provide communication services, multi-directional remote surveillance, and target tracking. In this survey, we first introduce several popular DL algorithms such as federated learning (FL), multi-agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), distributed inference, and split learning, and present a comprehensive overview of their applications for UAV swarms, such as trajectory design, power control, wireless resource allocation, user assignment, perception, and satellite communications. Then, we present several state-of-the-art applications of UAV swarms in wireless communication systems, such us reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), virtual reality (VR), semantic communications, and discuss the problems and challenges that DL-enabled UAV swarms can solve in these applications. Finally, we describe open problems of using DL in UAV swarms and future research directions of DL enabled UAV swarms. In summary, this survey provides a comprehensive survey of various DL applications for UAV swarms in extensive scenarios.

Compared to regular cameras, Dynamic Vision Sensors or Event Cameras can output compact visual data based on a change in the intensity in each pixel location asynchronously. In this paper, we study the application of current image-based SLAM techniques to these novel sensors. To this end, the information in adaptively selected event windows is processed to form motion-compensated images. These images are then used to reconstruct the scene and estimate the 6-DOF pose of the camera. We also propose an inertial version of the event-only pipeline to assess its capabilities. We compare the results of different configurations of the proposed algorithm against the ground truth for sequences of two publicly available event datasets. We also compare the results of the proposed event-inertial pipeline with the state-of-the-art and show it can produce comparable or more accurate results provided the map estimate is reliable.

With Twitter's growth and popularity, a huge number of views are shared by users on various topics, making this platform a valuable information source on various political, social, and economic issues. This paper investigates English tweets on the Russia-Ukraine war to analyze trends reflecting users' opinions and sentiments regarding the conflict. The tweets' positive and negative sentiments are analyzed using a BERT-based model, and the time series associated with the frequency of positive and negative tweets for various countries is calculated. Then, we propose a method based on the neighborhood average for modeling and clustering the time series of countries. The clustering results provide valuable insight into public opinion regarding this conflict. Among other things, we can mention the similar thoughts of users from the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and most Western European countries versus the shared views of Eastern European, Scandinavian, Asian, and South American nations toward the conflict.

The performance of the Deep Learning (DL) models depends on the quality of labels. In some areas, the involvement of human annotators may lead to noise in the data. When these corrupted labels are blindly regarded as the ground truth (GT), DL models suffer from performance deficiency. This paper presents a method that aims to learn a confident model in the presence of noisy labels. This is done in conjunction with estimating the uncertainty of multiple annotators. We robustly estimate the predictions given only the noisy labels by adding entropy or information-based regularizer to the classifier network. We conduct our experiments on a noisy version of MNIST, CIFAR-10, and FMNIST datasets. Our empirical results demonstrate the robustness of our method as it outperforms or performs comparably to other state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods. In addition, we evaluated the proposed method on the curated dataset, where the noise type and level of various annotators depend on the input image style. We show that our approach performs well and is adept at learning annotators' confusion. Moreover, we demonstrate how our model is more confident in predicting GT than other baselines. Finally, we assess our approach for segmentation problem and showcase its effectiveness with experiments.